|
The Sinuiju Incident of November 23, 1945 () was an uprising of students and Christian leaders in the port city of Sinuiju in North Pyeongan Province of what is known today as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), or North Korea. It marked the peak of social resistance against the communist regime in the formative period of North Korea, during the Soviet occupation from 1945 to 1948. Factors leading to the incident included resistance to the violence of the initial Soviet occupation forces and to practices of food procurement by the Red Army, the predominance of communists in the People's Committees, and the deterioration of the elites' social status. It resulted in high levels of political and social suppression on the part of the Korean Communists and the Soviet occupation. Consequently, the incident accelerated the consolidation of communist power, allowing the Korean Communist Party (KCP) to develop a more solid, Soviet-backed communist regime. Some scholars credit Kim Il-sung, who later became the first Supreme Leader of the DPRK, for resolving the incident. == Background == The incident occurred in the months following the liberation of Korea from Japanese colonial occupation in 1945. The process of establishing a new regime in the North resulted in various forms of conflict and resistance among the parties and the population. Immediately following the withdrawal of Japanese occupation forces, Korean elders in Sinuiju released the colonial prisoners and established an autonomous provisional committee (''wiwonhoe'') to administer local affairs. The committee members were predominantly conservative nationalists, and for two weeks after the surrender of Japan, the people of Sinuiju had direct control of their own affairs. The entry of the Allied troops, however, completely changed the power dynamics. The Red Army quickly dissolved the committee and established a new People's Political Committee (PC) that favored Communist leaders over the conservative nationalists of the wiwonhoe. The dissolution of the wiwonhoe led to the formation of the Christian Social Democratic Party (CSDP) by Presbyterian pastors in Sinuiju. The Soviet authorities, despite their initial toleration of religious groups, categorized the CSDP as bourgeois and pressured the party to drop "Christian" from its name and merge with the Joseon Minjudang (Korea Democratic Party or KDP), which was led by the Christian political leader Jo Mansik. In addition, Soviet authorities were met with resistance by the Korean elites – landlords, former colonial functionaries, and other figures who had previously enjoyed high social status during the Japanese occupation. Many of the landed elite with strong business influences were Christian nationalists. Farmers who were under Soviet protection gradually began to resist the landlords and the former agricultural structure, which aggravated the already heightened tensions between farmers and the landed elite. Agricultural problems also exacerbated the problems of the occupation period. Tensions between the landlords and the farmers disrupted grain production at harvest time, resulting in major grain shortages. In addition, the Red Army's drain of foodstuffs from the city worsened the hunger situation. People were further agitated by the Soviets' pillaging of factories and poor railroad transport. In addition, the people of North Pyeongan province were angered by the Red Army's suppression of Korean troops returning from China. Approximately two thousand Korean Volunteer Army (KVA) troops arrived in Andong, a Chinese city directly across the Yalu River from Sinuiju. In October 1945, the Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) successfully pushed the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) out of Andong, which intensified the urgency of the entry of KVA troops into Sinuiju. In mid-November, the KVA reentered Korea, but the Soviet authorities confiscated all their weapons and sent many of them back to Manchuria. This further fueled the resistance against the Soviets. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sinuiju Incident」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|